The program to be recorded on the sound recording is captured on a multi-channel tape recorder in the studios, and after mixing based on necessary technical and artistic considerations, it is recorded on a two-channel stereo tape recorder. The recorded program from this stereo master tape is transferred to a vinyl cutting machine. The sound information played back from the tape recorder is cut into the lacquer disc by a heated stylus on the vinyl cutting device (previously, rarely even on wax discs). The disc created using this technique, with a relatively malleable surface, contains the carrier of information bearing the initial mechanical signals in the manufacturing and duplication process.
The surface of the cut disc is silvered, and then a layer of nickel, approximately 1 mm thick, is applied to the silvered surface through electroplating. This nickel layer is separated from the lacquer disc, and an additional electroplated copy, the so-called "mother disc," is made from it. Taking into account the quantity to be duplicated, several dozens of "stamper discs" are created from the mother disc using electroplating. Around 300 to 400 plastic copies can be pressed from each stamper disc.
These stamper discs are called pressing matrices, which are placed in the pressing machine facing each other (A and B sides). The duplicated vinyl record is pressed from vinyl chloride (PVC) material, which is heat-softened vinylite.
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